Ku mugoroba wo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, indege yari itwaye Perezida w’u Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana n’u Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira yarahanuwe igeze hafi y’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kigali i Kanombe. Mu kanya gato, abayirimo bose bahise bitaba Imana.
Mu masaha make nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana ku wa 6 Mata 1994, inzego zitandukanye z’ubutasi zo mu bihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi zirimo iza Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubwongereza n’u Bubiligi, zahuriye ku mwanzuro uremereye kandi usobanutse neza: icyo gitero cyaturutse imbere mu nzego z’abahezanguni b’Abahutu ubwazo, by’umwihariko mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe cyari kiyobowe n’ingabo za leta yakoze Jenoside..
Mu 1993, leta y’u Rwanda n’umutwe wa Rwandan Patriotic Front basinye amasezerano y’amahoro azwi nka Arusha Accords.
Aya masezerano yari agamije:
- Gusaranganya ubutegetsi,
- Gushyira mu ngabo abari mwuwo mutwe wa RPF,
- Gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe impunzi zari zarahunze.
Ariko aya masezerano ntiyakiriwe neza n’abahezanguni b’Abahutu bari mu butegetsi bwa Habyarimana. Aba bantu bari bafite inyungu zikomeye muri leta, kandi batinyaga gutakaza ububasha n’umutungo.
Ibi byatumye hatangira gutegurwa ibikorwa byo kuburizamo ayo masezerano, harimo no gushira mubikorwa Jenoside yari Imaze igihe itegurwa.
U Bubiligi, bwari bufite ingabo muri United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, bwari bufite amakuru yimbitse ku byari biri kubera mu Rwanda.
Raporo yakozwe n’ubutasi bwa gisirikare bw’u Bubiligi (SGR) ku wa 22 Mata 1994, yagaragaje ko:
“Ibimenyetso byose byerekana ko igitero cy’ihanurwa ry’indege cyakozwe n’abahezanguni b’Abahutu bari mu gisirikare cy’u Rwanda.”
Iyi raporo yakomeje igaragaza ko:
- Jenoside yari yarateguwe mbere,
- Hari urutonde rw’abantu bagombaga kwicwa,
- Interahamwe zari zaratojwe neza.
By’umwihariko, iyi nyandiko yagaragaje uruhare rw’itsinda ryegereye umuryango wa Perezida, ryari rifite ububasha bukomeye mu bya gisirikare no mu bya politiki.
Ku ruhande rwa United States of America , inyandiko zashyizwe ahagaragara nyuma binyuze muri FOIA zigaragaza ko ubuyobozi bwa Washington bwahise busobanukirwa n’ibyari kuba.
Ku wa 7 Mata 1994:
- Hashyizweho itsinda ryihariye ryo gukurikirana ikibazo cy’u Rwanda,
- Hatangiye ibiganiro byo kwimura Abanyamerika,
- Hagaragajwe impungenge z’uko hari gutegurwa Jenoside.
Abasesenguzi b’Amerika bagaragaje ko urupfu rwa Habyarimana rwari igice cy’umugambi mugari wateguwe n’abahezanguni.
Ubutasi bw’u Bwongereza na bwo bwageze ku mwanzuro nk’uwo:
- Abahezanguni bari bafite impamvu yo kwica Perezida,
- Bari bafite ubushobozi bwo kubikora,
- Bari bafite umugambi wo guhagarika amasezerano ya Arusha.
Ibi byashimangiye igitekerezo cy’uko igitero kitaturutse hanze, ahubwo cyari igikorwa cy’imbere muri leta ubwayo.
U Bufaransa bwo, kubera uruhare rwabwo rwa hafi n’ubutegetsi bwakoze Jenoside, bwafashe indi nzira itandukanye kandi iteye isoni. Mu myaka ya nyuma ya 1990 na 2000, inzego zabwo z’ubutabera, igisirikare n’iza politiki zagerageje gushinja FPR-Inkotanyi icyo gitero. Kwemera ko abari imbere muri leta ari bo bagiteguye byari kugaragaza uruhare n’imikoranire y’u Bufaransa n’iyo leta.
Ibi byatewe n’impamvu zirimo:
- Kurinda isura ya politiki y’u Bufaransa,
- Kwirinda kwemera uruhare rwabwo mu gushyigikira leta yakoze Jenoside.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Trévidic: Ibimenyetso bya Siyansi Byahinduye Ibitekerezo
Hagati ya 2010–2012, umucamanza Marc Trévidic yakoze iperereza rishingiye ku buhanga bwa siyansi.
Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byagaragaje ko:
- Missile yarashwe iturutse i Kanombe,
- Aho ni mu kigo cya gisirikare cyari kiyobowe n’ingabo za leta,
- Nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko FPR yari inyuma y’igitero.
Ibi byahinduye cyane imyumvire mpuzamahanga, ndetse bituma n’u Bufaransa butangira kwemera buhoro buhoro ukuri.
Mbere na nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, itangazamakuru ry’abahezanguni ryagize uruhare rukomeye.
Radiyo nka Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines yakwirakwizaga:
- Imvugo z’urwango,
- Gushishikariza kwica Abatutsi,
- Gutanga amabwiriza y’aho abantu bihishe.
Ibi byagaragaje ko Jenoside itari igikorwa cyabaye mu kanya gato, ahubwo yari umugambi wateguwe igihe kirekire.
Impamvu Jenoside Yashobotse Vuba
Impamvu Jenoside yatangiye igahita ikwira igihugu hose harimo:
- Gutegura imitwe yitwara gisirikare – Interahamwe zari zaratojwe mbere
- Urutonde rw’abagombaga kwicwa – rwari rwarateguwe mbere
- Gukwirakwiza intwaro – abaturage bari barahawe imihoro n’izindi ntwaro
- Imiyoborere ihamye y’abahezanguni
Ibi byose byemeza ko ihanurwa ry’indege ryari ikimenyetso cyo gutangiza umugambi wari warateguwe.
Iyo usesenguye neza raporo zose:
- U Bubiligi, Amerika n’u Bwongereza byahise bigera ku mwanzuro umwe,
- Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi byemeje aho igisasu cyaturutse,
- N’amateka agaragaza ko Jenoside yari yarateguwe mbere.
Ibi byose bigaragaza ko Ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana ryari igikorwa cyakozwe n’abahezanguni bari imbere muri leta, bagamije gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.
Nubwo hari ibihugu byagerageje guhisha ukuri kubera inyungu za politiki, uyu munsi amateka aragenda asobanuka neza kurushaho.
References
- United Nations – Reports on the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi
- Belgian Senate Inquiry Report (1997) on Rwanda
- US Department of State – FOIA Declassified Rwanda Documents
- Human Rights Watch – Leave None to Tell the Story
- Alison Des Forges – Jenoside research
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda – Case archives
- French Judicial Investigation by Marc Trévidic (2010–2012)
